The diagnosis of nairobi sheep disease relies on the inoculation of tissue culture with suspensions of infected samples followed by. The nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus nsdv, also known as ganjam virus is a species in. Despite the two names, nsdv and ganjam virus are now considered to be the same virus, which belongs to the genus nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. This page does not display information from sixmonthly reports. Resolutions passed by the international committee and recommendations issued by the regional commissions instructed the oie headquarters to establish a single oie list of notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases to replace the former lists a and b the aim in drawing up a single list was to be in line with the. Nsd has a high mortality rate in susceptible sheep and goats. The distribution of antibody to nairobi sheep disease in sheep and goats in kenya was found to coincide closely with that of the tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Nairobi sheep disease virus also known as ganjam virus tagged as virus. Pdf the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virusganjam virus. Malignant catarrhal fever ovine herpesvirus 2 sheep associated domestic mannheimia glucosida mannheimia granulomatis. The disease was characterized by the sudden onset of pyrexia with prostration, followed by a profuse foetid diarrhoea. The department of primary industries and regions sa and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein. Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tickborne pathogen of.
A survey of nairobi sheep disease antibody in sheep and. A handbook common diseases of sheep and goats in subsaharan africa by lughano kusiluka and dominic kambarage funded by. The hughes and sakhalin serogroups appear to be sister groups. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. The following are included within the category of equine diseases and infections. The nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virusganjam virus induces the translocation of protein disulphide isomeraselike oxidoreductases from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface and the.
Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Welcome to cdc stacks centers for disease control and. Overview of nairobi sheep disease generalized conditions. The disease did not occur in epizootic form during the period under consideration. You can zoom in to examine an area of outbreaks in more detail. Montgomery 1917 showed that nairobi sheep disease was commonly transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Until recently, the causative viruses were only known to exist in parts of africa and on the indian subcontinent. Nairobi sheep disease nsd is a tickborne viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever and.
In uganda, the disease has been rcported, mainly on clinical grounds, as the cause of a high mortality in sheep in mengo. Nairobi sheep disease virus rna in ixodid ticks, china. Mortality is higher among indigenous breeds than among exotic and crossbred sheep or goats. Although group b streptococcus gbs is a leading cause of severe invasive disease in young infants worldwide, epidemiologic data and knowledge about risk factors for the disease are lacking from low to middleincome countries. Nairobi sheep disease nsd was identified as a problem in sheep and goats in kenya in 1910 annual report agricultural department, kenya, 19. Virus particles are released by exocytosis and by cell lysis. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Ganjam virus, a variant of nsdv, is found in india and sri lanka. Pdf ultrastructural studies on the replication and.
The authors are very grateful to the immeasurable efforts of many scientists who have devoted much of their time in documenting the management systems and diseases of small ruminants with particular reference to those occurring in the subsaharan region. Bhk cell line and lamb or hamster kidney cell cultures are the most sensitive cells. This highly pathogenic, tickborne virus is a world. Please see the ahpc library for further information on this disease from oie, including the international animal health code and the manual of standards for. The bunyaviridae family has over 300 members distributed over. Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tickborne. Nairobi sheep disease ovine epididymitis brucella ovis salmonellosis s. Ganjam virus nairobi sheep disease virus induces a proinflammatory response in infected sheep by abid bin tarif, lidia lasecka, barbara holzer and michael d baron download pdf 2 mb. An investigation of the tickborne diseases of sheep and goats in the northern regions of the somali democratic republic during the years 197072 revealed that nairobi sheep disease nsd, not previously reported in the area, was prevalent. The virus belongs to the family bunyaviridae, in the genus nairovirus. The distribution and prevalence of nairobi sheep disease and. Nsdv has a singlestranded rna genome, that is surrounded by a capsid and an envelope.
Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv infects sheep and goats and is transmitted by ticks. Nairobi sheep disease nsd virus is the prototype of the tickborne nsd serogroup, genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae. In susceptible animals, this tickborne viral infection results in a hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with very high morbidity and mortality rates. First identified in nairobi, kenya, in 1910, it is considered endemic in east africa 1,3. Sop manual 2 nairobi sheep disease etiology and ecology 1. Nairobi sheep disease virusganjam virus semantic scholar. The vast majority, and perhaps all viruses in this genus are tickborne viruses that can have human or other vertebrate hosts. Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv of the genus nairovirus causes a haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats with mortality up to. This disease factsheet on nairobi sheep disease covers the importance of the disease, aetiology, geographical distribution, species affected, transmission, incubation period, clinical signs, postmortem lesions, diagnosis, morbidity, mortality, and disease control. Disease events arenot limited in time but in location cf epidemic diseases. Nairobi sheep disease virus also known as ganjam virus.
Nairobi sheep disease nsd virus is best isolated from plasma from febrile animals, mesenteric lymph nodes or spleen. The proportions of a population in an enzootic area with antibody was similar in the different age groups. Sheep and goat pox is a contagious viral disease of small ruminant goat and sheep where morbidity in adult sheep and goats may range up to 80% with some subclinical infections and. Adult forms of a tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus which attach themselves inside the ear of an animal. Nairobi sheep disease nsd was identified as a problem in sheep. Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus nsd is the prototype virus of the genus. It got its name from the nairobi sheep disease that affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. Ganjam virusnairobi sheep disease virus induces a pro. The nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus nsdv, also known as ganjam virus is a species in the genus orthonairovirus belonging to the nairobi sheep disease serogroup. Prof maxime madder, prof ivan horak, dr hein stoltsz licensed under a. Nsdv was first recognised in 1917 as the causative agent of a disease that was affecting.
Vs regulated livestock and poultry pathogens partial list. It is highly pathogenic for sheep and goats, causes disease in humans, and is widespread throughout east africa. Nairobi sheep disease nsd is caused by nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv of the genus nairovirus of the bunyaviridae family. Other outbreaks followed local breakdowns in tick control. However, viral rna was recently identified in ticks in. Nairobi sheep disease was isolated from pools of rhipicephalus appendiculatus but not from many pools of other tick species. Nairobi sheep disease virus rna in ixodid ticks, china, 20. Dec 23, 2016 the nairobi sheep disease nsd virus is transmitted by the tick species rhipicephalus appendiculatus and causes severe losses in sheep in east africa. Nsdvs known hosts belong to the hard tick family ixodidae, including rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and amblyomma variegatum, and afflict sheep and goats naturally. Nairobi sheep disease is caused by nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv in africa a variant called ganjam virus in asia.
An epizootic of nairobi sheep disease in uganda sciencedirect. The genus is divided into at least nine serogroups. Nairobi sheep disease nsd was first observed as acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis near nairobi, kenya in 1910. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via dropbox.
Virus nairobi sheep disease virus also known as ganjam virus evag. Nairobi sheep disease nsd was first identified at the beginning of the 20th century by montgomery as a disease affecting sheep and goats in. Thermal and ph stability of nairobi sheep disease nsd virus were studied. Nsdv causes nairobi sheep disease which is one of the most pathogenic diseases of sheep and goats. Natural and experimental transmission by ticks other than rhipicephalus appendiculatus volume 26 issue 4 r. The virus is sensitive to acid ph 3, ether and to sodium descoxycholate terpstra, 1969.
Outbreak may also occur when nairobi sheep disease virus is the prototype of there is a breakdown of tick control measures 12. It was not until 1917 that the causative agent was identified as a virus that infected both sheep and goats. This is the entebbe isolate of nsdv, with 66 passages in cell culture and 9 passages in sheep choroid plexus cells. Diseases table top of page arbovirus infections nairobi sheep disease. The 180th mouse brain passage lost infectivity at a higher rate than wild virus at 4 degrees c. Click on map to zoom in these maps indicate the location of disease outbreaks reported in immediate notifications or followup reports. Nairobi sheep disease by iowa state university center.
The causative virus is passed transovarially by the female tick to the larvae, where it can survive for over 3 months. Nairobi sheep disease group 3 3 nairobi sheep disease virus 3 dugbe virus qalyub virus 2 sakhalin virus 3 thiafora virus phlebovirus genus 2 buyaru virus 3 itaituba virus 2 chilibre virus 2 frijoles virus sandfly fever naples group 3 buenaventura virus 2 candiru virus. Currently, its officially accepted species name is dugbe nairovirus. Ganjam virusnairobi sheep disease virus induces a proinflammatory response in infected sheep by abid bin tarif, lidia lasecka, barbara holzer and michael d baron download pdf 2 mb. In 1931 we confirmed montgomerys findings and extended them considerably in respect of transmission by this species of tick. An investigation of the tickborne diseases of sheep and goats in the northern regions of the somali democratic republic during the years 197072 revealed.
Fever, leukopenia, rapid breath, anorexia, depression, and bloody diarrhea. In kenya, the disease appears to be endemic in the kedong valley, the kikuyu reserve and the environs of nairobi. Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tickborne pathogen of sheep and goats in africa, is also present in asia. Nsd is found in east and central africa, and causes acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats. Other outbreaks followed local breakdowns in tick control measures.
Epidemic diseases diseases which occur in an animal population in excess of its normal frequency of occurrence. Nairobi sheep disease tend to be immune but native animal introduced in such characteristics of nairobi sheep disease virus. Nairobi sheep disease nematodirus abnormalis nematodirus battus nematodirus filicollis. Virus replication occurs in the cytoplasm and by budding from the membranes of smooth surface intracellular vesicles associated with the golgi complex. No virus was isolated from the blood or tissues of a range of wild ruminants and rodents. Vs regulated livestock and poultry pathogens partial list, revised 2112019 absidia corymbifera acremonium strictum. The virus is also found in the indian subcontinent, where it is known as ganjam virus. Diseases that affect horses, mules and donkeys are piroplasmosis, spirochaetosis and those of pigs are porcine babesiosis and. Oct 19, 2012 nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv and ganjam virus gv are two names for the same virus, which causes disease in sheep and goats and is currently known to be circulating in india and east africa. The disease was first identified near nairobi, kenya, in 1910, and nsd virus was shown to be the causative agent in 1917. Oielisted diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2020.
References emerging and exotic diseases of animals. A survey of nairobi sheep disease antibody in sheep and goats. To file a complaint of discrimination, write usda, director, office of civil rights, room 326w, whitten building, 1400 independence avenue, sw, washington, dc. Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tickborne pathogen. The virus is transmitted by ixodid ticks and causes a severe hemorrhagic disease. To determine the epidemiology of invasive gbs disease among young infants in a setting with high maternal hiv. Nairobi sheep disease medical definition merriamwebster. Nairobi sheep disease is a viral disease of sheep and goats that causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with very high morbidity and mortality. Nairobi sheep disease is a non contagious, tick borne viral disease in sheep manifested by acute haemorrhagic inflammation of the stomach and intestine and by respiratory signs.
Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv and ganjam virus gv are two names for the same virus, which causes disease in sheep and goats and is currently known to be circulating in india and east africa. This occurred most frequently for marketing purposes near the main centres of population. Ganjam virus has caused disease in goats and humans in india. A number of pests and diseases of animals are notifiable under nsw legislation. Use of the informationadvice in this guide is at your own risk. Jun 01, 2016 nairobi sheep disease is a one of the most pathogenic diseases of small ruminants. Because of the existing and increasing possibility of the occurrences of highly contagious or infectious diseases which threaten to destroy the livestock of this. Ganjam virus, a variant of nsdv, is found in india and sri lanka 2. Pdf the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virusganjam. Orthonairovirus is a genus in the family nairoviridae of the order bunyavirales that include viruses with circular, negativesense single stranded rna. Nairobi sheep disease paratuberculosis trypanoso miasis clinical disease tuberculosis tularemia ulcerative lymphangitis wesselsbron disease report by the close of the next business day clinical diagnosis or laboratory confirmation of botulism and equine strangles. Ultrastructural studies on the replication and morphogenesis of nairobi sheep disease virus, anairovirus. Nairobi sheep disease nsd is caused by nairobi sheep.
Nsdv has a limited effect on animals bred in areas to which the virus is endemic. Standard veterinary treatment guidelines for veterinary clinics first edition drug administration and control authority of ethiopia. Nairobi sheep disease was seen principally upon movement of susceptible animals into the enzootic areas. Nairobi sheep disease nsd is a tickborne viral disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, abortion, and high mortality. The distribution and prevalence of nairobi sheep disease and other. Nairobi sheep disease by iowa state university center for. The nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virusganjam virus induces the translocation of protein disulphide isomeraselike oxidoreductases from the endoplasmic reticulum. List of viruses and unconventional agents presenting at. Early detection and rapid response to any possible foreign animal disease is crucial to effectively controlling and eradicating the disease. Nairobi sheep disease kisenly sheep disease cattle. Contagious equine metritis dourine equine encephalomyelitis western equine infectious anaemia. Nairobi sheep disease virus nsdv is a tickborne virus which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, and has been responsible for several outbreaks of disease in east africa. Notifiable pests and diseases of animals in nsw november 2019, primefact 1565, second edition. This is an indian isolate of nsdv, where the virus is called ganjam virus.